Official portrait of the U.S. Supreme Court following its ruling on birthright citizenship.

WASHINGTON — The U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday reaffirmed the constitutional principle of birthright citizenship, rejecting President Donald Trump’s executive order that sought to deny automatic U.S. citizenship to many children born on American soil to parents who are neither U.S. citizens nor lawful permanent residents.

In a 6-3 decision, the Court held that the executive order conflicts with the Citizenship Clause of the 14th Amendment, preserving a constitutional protection that has been recognized for more than a century. The ruling leaves in place the long-standing interpretation that, with limited exceptions, children born in the United States are U.S. citizens regardless of their parents’ immigration status.

Trump signed the executive order on his first day back in office as part of a broader immigration agenda aimed at restricting automatic citizenship for children born to undocumented immigrants and certain temporary visa holders. Multiple federal courts blocked the order before it could take effect, finding it likely violated both the Constitution and federal law.

Court Reaffirms Longstanding Constitutional Interpretation

The Court’s decision relies on the Citizenship Clause of the 14th Amendment, which states:

“All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States…”

The ruling also reinforces the Supreme Court’s landmark 1898 decision in United States v. Wong Kim Ark, which established that nearly all children born on U.S. soil acquire U.S. citizenship at birth, subject only to narrow exceptions such as children of foreign diplomats.

Major Setback for Immigration Agenda

The decision marks one of the most significant judicial setbacks for Trump’s second-term immigration agenda.

Administration officials had argued that the phrase “subject to the jurisdiction thereof” should exclude children born to parents who are in the country unlawfully or temporarily. The Supreme Court rejected that interpretation, leaving existing constitutional protections intact.

Immigration advocates welcomed the ruling, saying it preserves a constitutional guarantee that has defined American citizenship for generations. Supporters of Trump’s order argued it was intended to discourage illegal immigration and reduce incentives for unlawful entry.

What the Decision Means

The ruling means:

Children born in the United States generally remain U.S. citizens at birth.
Trump’s executive order cannot be enforced.
Existing federal and state citizenship procedures remain unchanged.
Any future attempt to limit birthright citizenship would likely require a constitutional amendment or a different legal framework.

The decision is expected to remain a central issue in the national debate over immigration and constitutional interpretation as Congress and the White House continue pursuing broader immigration reforms.